Textbook of Influenza

TheTextbook of Influenza is a comprehensive resource covering all aspects of influenza, from the genetic and molecular biology of the virus through to clinical aspects of the disease and the latest drug developments and treatments. This new edition has been completely revised and reflects the integration of disciplines concerning the emergence, evolution, pathogenesis and control of influenza viruses in the field of human and veterinary public health.

Textbook of Influenza examines the lessons learnt from the latest pandemic and provides the current state of knowledge for many yet unresolved issues related to virus origin, spread, pathogenesis and disease severity to better prepare for future pandemics. It covers the background to recent advances in influenza genomics and reverse genetics which have allowed the identification of virus virulence factors and the analysis and reconstruction of influenza viruses such as the 1918 Spanish flu strain.

This new edition is divided into eight key sections, containing chapters co-written by international experts from both the clinical and scientific communities, covering:
 Influenza Perspectives
 Structure and Replication
 Evolution and Ecology
 Epidemiology and Surveillance
 Immunology
 Vaccines and Vaccine Development
 Clinical Aspects and Antivirals
 Public Health

Textbook of Influenza is for all those working in the area of influenza including clinical and basic scientists, immunologists, molecular and structural virologists, public health officials and global pandemic control planners.

Edited by:
Robert G. Webster, Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis
Arnold S. Monto, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Thomas J. Braciale, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
Robert A. Lamb, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois

List of contributors, ix

Foreword to the second edition, xiv

Preface to the second edition, xvi

Acknowledgments, xvii

PART 1 Influenza: Perspective

1 Human influenza: One health, one world, 3
Daniel B. Jernigan and Nancy J. Cox

2 Influenza pandemics: History and lessons learned, 20
Arnold S. Monto and Robert G. Webster

PART 2 Structure and replication

3 Structure, disassembly, assembly, and budding of influenza viruses, 37
Debiprosad Nayak, Sakar Shivakoti, Rilwan A. Balogun, Gwendolyn Lee, and Z. Hong Zhou

4 The virus genome and its replication, 57
Robert M. Krug and Ervin Fodor

5 Influenza glycoproteins: Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, 67
Rupert J. Russell, Steven J. Gamblin, and John J. Skehel

6 Proton channels of influenza A and B viruses, 101
Chunlong Ma, Lawrence H. Pinto, and Robert A. Lamb

7 The NS1 protein: A master regulator of host and viral functions, 114
Robert M. Krug and Adolfo García-Sastre

8 Structure and function of the influenza virus replication machinery and PB1-F2, 133
Andrew Mehle and Jonathan A McCullers

9 The genome and its manipulation: Recovery of the 1918 virus and vaccine virus generation, 146
Gabriele Neumann and Yoshihiro Kawaoka

10 Pathogenesis, 157
Hans Dieter Klenk, Wolfgang Garten, and Mikhail Matrosovich

PART 3 Evolution and ecology of influenza viruses

11 Ecology and evolution of influenza viruses in wild and domestic birds, 175
Ron A.M. Fouchier and Yi Guan

12 Influenza in swine, 190
Richard Webby and Juergen Richt

13 Equine/Canine/Feline/Seal influenza, 203
Thomas M. Chambers, Edward J. Dubovi, and Ruben O. Donis

14 Emergence and Evolution of the 1918, 1957, 1968, and 2009 pandemic virus strains, 218
Taia T. Wang and Peter Palese

PART 4 Epidemiology and surveillance

15 Influenza surveillance and laboratory diagnosis, 231
Maria Zambon

16 Epidemiology of influenza, 250
Marc-Alain Widdowson and Arnold S. Monto

PART 5 Immunology of influenza

17 Innate immunity, 269
Akiko Iwasaki and Malik Peiris

18 Antibody-mediated immunity, 283
Nicole Baumgarth,Michael C. Carroll, and Santiago Gonzalez

19 Cell-mediated immunity, 298
Stephen J. Turner, Peter C. Doherty, and Anne Kelso

PART 6 Vaccines and vaccine development

20 Immunogenicity, efficacy of inactivated/live virus seasonal and pandemic vaccines, 313
Wendy A. Keitel, Kathleen M. Neuzil, and John Treanor

21 New approaches to vaccination, 327
Chih-Jen Wei, Damian C. Ekiert, Gary J. Nabel, and Ian A. Wilson

22 Control of influenza in animals, 337
Ilaria Capua and Dennis J. Alexander

23 Influenza vaccine production, 352
Klaus Stöhr

PART 7 Clinical aspects and antivirals

24 Human influenza: Pathogenesis, clinical features, and management, 373
Frederick G. Hayden and Menno D. de Jong

25 Antivirals: Targets and use, 392
Michael G. Ison and Alan Hay

26 The control of influenza and cost-effectiveness of interventions, 419
Carolyn B. Bridges, Samuel K. Peasah, and Martin I. Meltzer

27 Applications of quantitative modeling to influenza virus transmission dynamics, antigenic and genetic evolution, and molecular structure, 434
Marc Lipsitch and Derek Smith

28 Pandemic preparedness and response, 453
Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam and Joseph Bresee

29 Influenza: The future, 470
Thomas J. Braciale

PART 8 The outbreak of H7N9

30 Appendix, 479
Thomas J. Bracial